|
Stroke
|
Purpose/Uses
|
Mechanical effect |
Reflexive effect |
Contraindications |
LIGHT EFFLEURAGE
Gliding, Fanning, Tree branching,
shingling etc. |
-
Transitioning
-
Spreading oil
-
Evaluating tissue
|
|
-
Relaxes muscles (parasympathetic
nervous system)
-
Relieves pain (Gate control theory,
endorphins)
-
Increases arterial and
capillary circulation
-
Increases vasodilation
(slowing heart rate and blood pressure)
|
-
Hyperesthesia
-
Marked or pitted edema
-
Gross swelling
-
Open wounds
-
distal to inflammation or infection
|
DEEP EFFLEURAGE
Knuckling, |
|
-
Increases venous and lymphatic
flow removing wastes, reducing edema
-
Improves nutritional status
of tissues
-
Increases arterial and
capillary circulation, bringing nutrients
-
Warms superficial tissue
-
Desquamation of dead skin
|
Same as above
-
Deeper muscle relaxation
-
Capillary dilation longer
lasting
|
-
Same as light effleurage
-
Very hairy skin
-
New scar tissue
-
Venous stasis
|
PETRISSAGE
Picking up, wringing, kneading,
open C/closed C, alternating thumb, squeezing, lifting, skin rolling (lifting
tissue away from underlying structures) |
-
Used after effleurage
-
Relieves congestion
-
Reduces swelling
-
Digestive disorders
-
Muscle shortening
-
Spastic paralysis
-
Fatigue
|
-
Stretches muscle fibers
and stimulates muscle tone, broadens fibers
-
Breaks up adhesions
-
Increased circulation
and waste elimination
-
Moves interstitial fluid
|
-
Slow-relaxes nervous system
-
Fast-stimulates NS
-
Increases glandular activity
of skin
-
Increases peristalsis
when done over abdomen
-
Affects proprioception
|
-
Atrophied muscles
-
Flaccid paralysis
-
Acute inflammation
|
DIRECT PRESSURE FRICTION
Compression |
-
Use after tissues have been
warmed up
-
Hypertonic muscles
-
Treatment massage
-
Deep tissue work
|
-
Compresses and spreads
tissue
-
Temporary ischemia
-
Mobilizes muscle/tendon
junction
|
-
Reduces pain and spasm
-
Hyperemia
-
Increases peristalsis
when done over abdomen
|
For all frictions:
-
Acute inflammations
-
Neuritis
-
Recent injuries
-
Osteo and rheumatoid arthritis-especially
acute stages
-
Muscles lacking innervation(paralysis)
-
Debilitating neuromuscular
dysfunction such as MS, ALS, MD.
|
| LINEAR OR CIRCULAR FRICTION |
same as above |
-
Myofascial releasing-separating
adhered fascial planes
-
Broadens and stretches
muscle fibers
-
Increases muscle
|
-
Decreases tension through
stimulating Golgi tendon reflex
-
Increases circulation
-
Creates hyperemia
|
|
| Cross fiber friction |
-
Use only after a thorough
warming of involved tissue
-
Apply at right angles to scar/fibrotic
tissue
-
Superficial tissue must
move over underlying structure
-
Apply frequently enough
to have an impact
|
-
Breaks up adhesions
-
Assists in realigning
scar tissue
|
-
Relaxes muscles by stimulating
Golgi tendon reflex
|
|
| Heat rub friction |
|
|
-
Vasodilatation
-
Relaxes muscles
|
|
TAPOTEMENT
Tapping, Pincement, Slapping
Hacking, Cupping, Beating, Pounding |
-
Stimulation of tired muscles
-
Relaxation of hypertonic
muscles
|
Loosens mucus in thoracic
cavity |
-
Stimulates nervous system,
muscles, vessels
-
Enhances muscle tone via
contract-relax response
-
Increases circulation
-
Stimulates organs through
low back
-
Increases gaseous exchange
-
Stimulates skin and glandular
activity
|
-
Muscles is spasm or cramping
-
Spastic paralysis
-
Atrophied muscles
-
Flaccid paralysis
-
Insomnia, neurasthenia
or complete exhaustion
-
Neuritis or painful conditions
-
Over bony area
-
No heavy tapotement over
the kidneys
-
No heavy tapotement over
low back in pregnancy or menstruation
|
FINE VIBRATION
Static or moving |
Relaxation |
|
-
sedates nervous system
-
reduces pain(gate theory)
-
relaxes muscle
|
same as tapotement |
COARSE VIBRATION
Static or moving |
|
loosens ligaments |
Penetrating stimulation |
|
| JOSTLING/SHAKING |
|
-
Increases synovial activity
-
Increases circulation
|
-
Stimulates organs
-
Reduces muscle guarding
-
Rejuvenating tired
muscles
|
same as tapotement |
SWEDISH GYMNASTICS
Active free, active assisted,
passive, resistive |
|
-
Stretches muscles and ligaments
-
Increases circulation
and nutrition
-
Increases waste elimination
-
Loosens adhesions
-
Increases ROM and flexibility
|
-
Stimulates NS
-
Increases blood pressure
and temperature
|
-
Torn ligament, tendon
or muscle
-
Unhealed fracture
-
Post surgery
-
Heart conditions
( active and resistive)
-
Acute injuries
|