| Shoulder
and arm |
|
|
|
|
| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Notes |
| Deltoid |
Lateral
one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula |
Deltoid
tuberosity of humerus |
Abduct
the shoulder joint
Posterior fibers extend and
laterally rotate shoulder. Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the
shoulder. |
Origin
is identical to the insertion of the trapezius. |
| Supraspinatus
"Rotator cuff" |
Supraspinatus
fossa of scapula |
Greater
tubercle of humerus – superior facet |
Abducts
the humerus; stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity.
Medially rotates humerus,
draws it forward and down when arm is raised. |
Deep
to trapezius-runs underneath the acromion.(only rotator cuff muscle that
doesn't rotate) |
| Infraspinatus
"Rotator cuff" |
Infraspinous
fossa of scapula |
Greater
tubercle of humerus – middle facet |
Laterally
rotate, adducts, extends the shoulder. Stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid
cavity |
Attaches
just posterior to the supraspinatus on the greater tubercle.
Works with teres minor. |
| Teres
Minor
" Rotator cuff" |
Superior
half of lateral border of scapula |
Greater
tubercle of humerus, lowest facet |
Laterally
rotates, adducts, extends the shoulder, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid
cavity |
|
| Subscapularis
"Rotator Cuff" |
Subscapular
fossa of the scapula |
Lesser
tubercle of the humerus |
Medially
rotates shoulder joint, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity. |
Most
often the culprit in "frozen shoulder" |
| Teres
Major |
Inferior
angle of scapula |
Medial
lip of bicipital grove of humerus |
Adducts
and medially rotates humerus and draws it back. |
|
| Serratus
Anterior |
Outer
surface of ribs 1-8 |
Anterior
medial border of scapula |
Abducts
and upwardly rotates scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall |
Lower
fibers interdigitate with the external obliques. Weakness causes winged
scapula. Tightness may cause "a stitch in the side" |
| Coracobracialis |
Corocoid
process of scapula |
Middle
of medial shaft of humerus |
Flexes
and adducts the humerus |
|
| Biceps
Brachii |
Short
head- Coracoid process of scapula
Long head- Supraglenoid tubercle
of scapula |
Tuberosity
of the radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii |
Flexes
elbow, supinates forearm, flexes shoulder joint |
|
| Triceps
Brachii |
Long
head- Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head- Posterior surface
of proximal half of humerus
Medial head- Posterior surface
of distal half of humerus |
All
heads- olecranon process of ulna |
Long
head- Extends and adducts the shoulder
All heads- Extend the forearm
(elbow) |
|
| Subclavius |
First
rib and cartilage |
Inferior,
lateral aspect of clavicle |
Elevates
first rib, stabilizes sternoclavicular joint, draws clavicle down |
Underneath
the clavicle. |
| Brachialis |
Distal
half of the anterior surface of humerus |
Tuberosity
and coronoid process of ulna |
Flexes
the elbow |
|
| Bracioradialis |
Lateral
supracondylar ridge of humerus |
Styloid
process of radius |
Flexes
forearm (handshake position) |
|
| Pronator
teres |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna |
Middle
of lateral surface of radius |
Pronates
the forearm
Assists in flexion of the
elbow |
Resisted
pronation |
| Forearm
and hand |
|
|
|
|
| Extensor
digitorum |
Common
extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus |
Dorsal
surface of middle and distal phalanges 2-5 ( four fingers) |
Extends
four fingers, assists in extension of the wrist |
|
| Pronator
quadratus |
|
|
|
|
| Palmaris
longus |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus |
Palmar
aponeurosis |
Flexion
of hand and wrist |
Flex
wrist against resistance to find tendon.
May be absent in one or both
sides in some people. |
| Flexor
digitorum superficialis |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, proximal radius |
Four
tendons into the middle phalanges of fingers 2-5, palmar surface |
Flexes
the middle and proximal phalanges of fingers 2-5, flexion of the wrist
and forearm. |
Median
nerve and ulnar artery are under origin |
| Flexor
carpi radialis |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus |
Base
of 2nd to base of 3rd metacarpal bone |
Flexes
and abducts the wrist, pronation of the forearm and flexion of the elbow |
|
| Flexor
carpi ulnaris |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus, medial olecranon and proximal posterior ulna |
Pisiform
bone |
Flexes
and adducts the wrist and flexes the elbow |
|
| Extensor
carpi radialis longus |
Lateral
supracondylar ridge of humerus |
Base
of 2nd metacarpal bone dorsal side |
Extends
and abducts the wrist, flexes the elbow |
|
| Extensor
carpi radialis brevis |
Lateral
epicondyle of humerus |
Dorsal
surface of base of 3rd metacarpal bone |
Extends
and assists in abduction of the wrist |
|
| Extensor
carpi ulnaris |
Lateral
epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna |
Base
of 5th metacarpal bone, ulnar side |
Extends
and adducts the wrist |
Tendon
runs through a groove between the head of the ulna and the styloid process
of ulna |
| Flexor
digitorum profundus |
Anterior
and medial surfaces of proximal ¾ of ulna |
Four
tendons into bases of distal phalanges on anterior surface |
Flexes
distal interphalangeal joints of four fingers, flexes proximal interphalageal
and metacarpopphalangeal joints |
|
| Flexor
pollicus longus |
Anterior
surface of radius, deep to flexors |
Distal
phalange of thumb |
Flexes
thumb |
|
| Supinator |
Lateral
epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna |
Proximal
anterior shaft of humerus |
Supinates
forearm |
|
| Extensor
pollicus longus and brevis |
Posterior
surface of radius and ulna, deep to extensors |
Brevis
–proximal phalange of thumb
Longus- distal phalange of
thumb |
Extends
the thumb |
|
| Opponens
pollicis |
Palmar
retinaculum, trapezium |
1st
metacarpal anterior surface |
Opposition
of thumb to each digit.
Rotates 1st metacarpal
so the thumbnail faces the ceiling when the hand is resting palm up. |
|
