| Forearm
and hand |
|
|
|
|
| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Notes |
| Extensor
digitorum |
Common
extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus |
Dorsal
surface of middle and distal phalanges 2-5
( four fingers) |
Extends
four fingers, assists in extension of the wrist |
|
| Pronator
quadratus |
|
|
|
|
| Palmaris
longus |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus |
Palmar
aponeurosis |
Flexion
of hand and wrist |
Flex
wrist against resistance to find tendon.
May be absent in one or both
sides in some people. |
| Flexor
digitorum superficialis |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, proximal radius |
Four
tendons into the middle phalanges of fingers 2-5, palmar surface |
Flexes
the middle and proximal phalanges of fingers 2-5, flexion of the wrist
and forearm. |
Median
nerve and ulnar artery are under origin |
| Flexor
carpi radialis |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus |
Base
of 2nd to base of 3rd metacarpal bone |
Flexes
and abducts the wrist, pronation of the forearm and flexion of the elbow |
|
| Flexor
carpi ulnaris |
Medial
epicondyle of humerus, medial olecranon and proximal posterior ulna |
Pisiform
bone |
Flexes
and adducts the wrist and flexes the elbow |
|
| Extensor
carpi radialis longus |
Lateral
supracondylar ridge of humerus |
Base
of 2nd metacarpal bone dorsal side |
Extends
and abducts the wrist, flexes the elbow |
|
| Extensor
carpi radialis brevis |
Lateral
epicondyle of humerus |
Dorsal
surface of base of 3rd metacarpal bone |
Extends
and assists in abduction of the wrist |
|
| Extensor
carpi ulnaris |
Lateral
epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna |
Base
of 5th metacarpal bone, ulnar side |
Extends
and adducts the wrist |
Tendon
runs through a groove between the head of the ulna and the styloid process
of ulna |
| Flexor
digitorum profundus |
Anterior
and medial surfaces of proximal ¾ of ulna |
Four
tendons into bases of distal phalanges on anterior surface |
Flexes
distal interphalangeal joints of four fingers, flexes proximal interphalageal
and metacarpopphalangeal joints |
|
| Flexor
pollicus longus |
Anterior
surface of radius, deep to flexors |
Distal
phalange of thumb |
Flexes
thumb |
|
| Supinator |
Lateral
epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna |
Proximal
anterior shaft of humerus |
Supinates
forearm |
|
| Extensor
pollicus longus and brevis |
Posterior
surface of radius and ulna, deep to extensors |
Brevis
–proximal phalange of thumb
Longus- distal phalange of
thumb |
Extends
the thumb |
|
| Opponens
pollicis |
Palmar
retinaculum, trapezium |
1st
metacarpal anterior surface |
Opposition
of thumb to each digit.
Rotates 1st metacarpal
so the thumbnail faces the ceiling when the hand is resting palm up. |
|
