History of Massage Through
Google Books
(First link in each listing
goes to the Full Google Book and I have a link to the PDF file if
you are interested. You can print them out even. I
included a brief quote when I could from the various books.
Most include some chapter on the history of massage even!)
1866(?) -The
Anatriptic art
-By Walter Johnson (PDF)
The practice of friction
and unction, in other words rubbing of the body with greasy
substances, had its origin in ante-historical ages, for the
oldest writers whose works are in our hands speak of the
custom as one in daily use. It was employed sometimes as a
remedy, sometimes as a hygienic mean, sometimes as a luxury,
and sometimes it had a symbolic religious sense.
1880-On
the use of the cold pack followed by massage in the
treatment of anaemia By Mary Putnam Jacobi (PDF)
I WAS led to use the cold
pack in the treatment of spansemia from the belief that it
would tend to increase the rapidity of tissue metamorphosis;
this would be expected to indirectly increase assimilation,
and therefore promote absorption of nutritive material from
the digestive canal. To test the correctness of this
hypothesis, I analyzed the urine elaborated during the pack
and passed immediately after, and compared its composition
with that of urine excreted during other portions of the
same day. The first conspicuous result of these analyses,
was the demonstration of a marked increase in the
elimination of urea during the hours of the pack. From this
fact I at first inferred that my hypothesis was justified,
and that the characteristic effect of the pack was to
accelerate tissue metamorphosis—to increase waste and the
products of oxidation — thus indirectly promoting
assimilation. But closer examination of the facts showed
that this conclusion was too general, and that the real
influence of the pack both permitted and demanded a more
minute analysis.
1852-
Movements or exercises, according to Ling's system, for the
due development ...By Mathias Roth (PDF)
No one, who
has paid any attention to the subject, can doubt
that the right use of properly-regulated exercises
must have a most beneficial influence on childhood
and youth, in giving the due development to their
organism.
These
exercises may be introduced with the greatest
advantage into every school and seminary; in fact,
they should constitute a part of sound and good
education. A healthy body is the best condition for
the development of a healthy mind. It is hoped that
parents, and all those who are engaged in the noble
profession of tuition, will give their earnest
attention and their practical support to the
enlightened system of Ling.
It need not be said that these
exercises are far superior to the present drill for
all the purposes of military training.
Persons of literary
and of business habits require a similar aid
to preserve them from falling into habitual ill
health. The habit of this class of persons is, to
employ all the available forces of their organism
through a particular channel—the brain and nerves,
and of course to excite nutrition chiefly in a
single department of their organism. This is
contrary to the laws of the system, and ill
consequences are necessarily ere long felt. This
disproportionate use and unbalanced nutrition,
whereby one set of functions is heightened,
is, of course, to the detriment of another
set of functions, which, becoming reduced in power,
are, at last, literally starved out. Examples
of this class of persons are met with everywhere,
and generally recognized at sight. It is to be hoped
the time will come when such physiological abuso
will meet the general reprehension it so much
deserves.
The
principles advocated, and the practical examples
afforded in
this work, are adapted to obviate all such
unfortunate results. Persons whose tastes or
necessities lead them to employ the nervous
department of their being chiefly, may, if they
choose to learn how, counteract any
disproportionate nervous wear, and by attending to
its cultivation, maintain their physical vigor.
1864 -Theory
and practice of the movement cure
By Charles Fayette Taylor (PDF)
1887 -
Massage: Principles and Practice of Remedial treatment by
Imparted Motions: Mechanical Processes: By
George Herbert Taylor, MD (PDF)
The word
massage denotes any process of conjoint motion
and pressure applied to parts of the living body, for
remedial purposes. Massage
implies some source from which the pressure-motion is
derived and involves the production of physiological
consequences adapted to remedy defects arising from
insufficient muscular action of the usual forms.
1887- Massage as a Mode of
Treatment - William Murrell
(PDF) LECTURER ON PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AT THE
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL ; EXAMINER IN MATERIA MEDICA IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, AND TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF LONDON.
I
Am afraid that
a good deal of misconception exists in this country on the
subject of Massage. Many
people think that it is only a kind of " rubbing" or
"shampooing," whilst others associate it in their minds with
the idea of a Turkish bath. Patients often suppose that if
they are to undergo a course of treatment they will have to
abandon their ordinary occupations, cut themselves adrift
from their friends and submit to be isolated or live in
seclusion. It is amusing to watch their astonishment when
they are undeceived on these points. Another common mistake
is to suppose that anyone can "do
massage," and that the whole art can be acquired in
one or two easy lessons. Applicants are often anything but
pleased when they are told that it takes at least two years
to learn, and that many people from lack of aptitude or
defective general education never succeed in acquiring it. I
constantly see nurses and others who think they are
thoroughly competent to undertake
Massage, but who have not the dimest idea even of the
meaning of the word. Another very prevalent mistake is to
suppose that each seance should last an hour. How this
absurd idea originated it is difficult to say.
1887 -UTERINE
MASSAGE;
MASSAGE IN GENERAL AFFECTIONS.
(PDF) BY DR. DUJARDIN-bEAUMETZ. (Translated for the
Medical Abstkact.)
1887 -MASSAGE.'
By Lady JOHN
MANNERS. Popular Science Monthly
(PDF)
Dr. Stein, of
Heidelberg, who spent some years in the Dutch medical
service in Java, writes that massage
is practiced there, as in almost all the Dutch
colonies of the Indian Ocean. It is known as pldjet-ten,
and it is also employed in the Society, Sandwich, Feejee,
and Tonga Islands. Dr. Emerson, a native of the Sandwich
Islands, says it is there called lomi-lomi, and is
performed either over the whole or part of the body, usually
by old women. It consists in rubbing and kneading, and may
vary from the gentlest stroke to the most powerful grip. It
is considered as a high mark of honor for a host to perform
this operation for his guest, or to receive this attention
from him.
1889-
A Manual of instruction for giving Swedish movement and
massage
By Hartvig Nissen (PDF)
The word
massage means
kneading, but is now generally used to describe the
handling and manipulating of the flesh, as in
stroking, pressing, kneading, percussing, etc.
Thus
"massage" is only a part of
the "^>a.9sire" movements, and constitutes a very
small part of the '• Swedish movement treatment."
The Purpose Of This Manual.
It would be impossible for any one to
gain a thorough knowledge of this system, and how,
understandingly, to give a full treatment, from a brief
manual like the present one.
Two or three years
of hard study is required at the Royal Central Institute of
Stockholm in order to be graduated there.
1890 -A
Practical Treatise on Massage (second edition)- It's
History, Mode of Application, and ...By
Professor Douglas Graham
Massage, from
the Greek /*ao-o-o>, I knead or handle; Arabic, mas'h,1
press softly; is a term now generally accepted by
European and American physicians to signify a group of
procedures which are best done with the hands, such as
friction, kneading, manipulating, rolling, and percussion of
the external tissues of the body in a variety of ways,
either with a curative, palliative, or hygienic object in
view. Its application should in many instances be combined
with passive, resistive or assistive movements, and these
are often spoken of as the Swedish movement cure. There is,
however, an increasing tendency on the part of scientific
men to have the word massage embrace all these varied forms
of manual therapeutics, for the reason that the word "
cure," attached to any form of treatment whatsoever, cannot
always be applicable, inasmuch as there are many maladies
that preclude the possibility of
recovery and yet admit of amelioration. Hence the word cure
may lead people to expect too much; and on the other hand,
the use of the word rubbing in place of massage tends
to undervalue the application and benefit of the latter, for
it is but natural to suppose that all kinds of rubbing are
alike, differing only in the amount of force used.
1890 -Manual
therapeutics, a treatise on massage: its history, mode of
application ...By Douglas Graham (PDF)
The history of
massage is coeval with that of mankind and worthy of
being preserved; its mode of application can be cultivated
as an art second to none that the human hand can perform,
having a harp of more than a thousand strings on which to
play; its range of usefulness is increasing all the time,
and has long since extended into every special and general
branch of medicine, so that he who would keep pace with its
developments must be well informed in all departments of the
healing art. This book is written from the standpoint of the
physician and practical masseur, from that of theory
and practice, of faith and works.
1890-
Massotherapeutics By
William Murrell
By Massotherapeutics I mean the
scientific aspect of the subject; Massage, that is simply as
a therapeutic agent, and not Massage as a means of earning a
living or as a modified form of hotel keeping.
It must be admitted that many people
regard Massage and all that appertains to it with a good
deal of suspicion, and not without reason. The difficulty
is, not that Massage fails to receive the credit to which it
is entitled, but that it is employed in a number of cases
for which it is essentially unsuited. No discrimination is
exercised, but its use is advocated for all sorts of chronic
ailments. This is a grave mistake and is greatly to be
deplored. The work, too, is often carried on by people who
know little or nothing about it, and who have not even
mastered its most elementary details
1891 -Massage
and the original Swedish movements
By Kurre Wilhelm Ostrom
Some physicians practiced
the movements themselves ; but there arose a class of
people, called Piidotribes, some of whom acquired
great skill in the manipulation of the human body
1892 -Handbook
of massage By Emil Kleen (PDF)
The various manipulations and their
modifications naturally suggest themselves to one who
clearly comprehends the anatomical, physiological, and
pathological indications in any given case. Just here lies
the great difference between a scientifically trained and an
untrained masseur. The former has, during his course of
medical study, traversed most of the way toward becoming a
good masseur: there is demanded for what remains, a
relatively short course of study, normal upper extremities,
that are not too weak—the hands especially should not be too
lean or small—and some aptness for mechanical work. It is an
advantage to work with or under an expert masseur, for a
time, the technique being more speedily and readily acquired
in this way than in any other. Besides, one more quickly
acquires certain forms of dexterity, peculiar to the
masseur, which could, otherwise, be gained only through long
continued, independent practice. I would, likewise,
emphasize the fact that it is not well to follow a
particular mode of technique too slavishly, but that every
one should work out his own technique, which soon becomes as
characteristic as his own handwriting. It is clear that
manipulations, which have entirely the same effect upon the
patient, may be quite variously executed by the masseur. A
good masseur never thinks, while at work, of the way he uses
his hands, but only of the tissues he is manipulating; and
the quality of his massage
depends, for the most part, upon his knowledge of their
condition.
1895 -
The Art of Massage: A Practical Manual for the Nurse, the
Student and the ...By John Harvey Kellogg.
Also available at the
Meridian Institute
MASSAGE, or systematic rubbing and
manipulation of the tissues of the body, is probably one of
the oldest of all means used for the relief of bodily
infirmities.
1896 -Cephalalgy
and massage By Gustaf Mauritz Norstroëm
(PDF)
The first time I tried to show the
relation of causability existing between the cervical
muscular inflammations and cephalic pains, to prove that
with a methodic treatment all might be cured. I believe I
have attained my object, but when it has been shown that a
medication is legitimate all has not been said with respect
to it. I have never sustained the extreme theory that all
extra-cranial cephalalgias are necessarily of muscular
origin, that all limited chronic myositis of the neck
produce paroxysmal pains with migrainous character; that
when both indications are realized, one always succeeds in
overcoming them by the procedure in question, that
massage is an infallible
medication which has no contra-indications, no failures. If
I had said this I would have committed serious mistakes.
However convinced one may be, one may never reason in this
way, experience would soon open our eyes and show that if
faith has formerly been sufficient to transport mountains it
is not always sufficient to cure.
1896 -Handbook
of massage By Gustaf Mauritz Norstroëm (PDF)
A thorough study of the history of the
therapeutical measures resorted to and known under the
general name of massage,
confronts us with unexpected difficulties. In perusing the
books devoted to this subject, we are astonished to meet
with such frequent contradictions and paradoxes, although
all the books treat of an empirical method which was
employed by popular physicians and practitioners. These
acted without preconceived ideas, because
massage had been a means of
curing in a case similar to the one which they had to do
with. Scientific interpretations only interfered later on.
How did they perform massage?
In preparing this little volume it has been my
endeavor to present the subject of MechanoTherapy
in a condensed form, and in a rational and popular
way, in order to make it easily understood by the student.
The system practised
by the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
has been principally followed, with such modifications as
are recommended by prominent teachers and authorities of
this science.
The works of
Hartelius, Brandt, Graham, Taylor, and Posse have been
freely consulted
1901 -A
primer of the art of massage for learners
By Thomas Stretch Dowse (PDF)
ENERGY.—You scarcely
need to be told that manipulations made upon the human body
are merely evidences of the transference of so much
mechanical energy from yourself to your patient. If you
grasp your friend's hand in kindly greeting you have also
evidence of the transference of mechanical energy, and the
effects or impressions created, both upon the tissues and
the mind, will be in direct ratio with the degree of the
impress, the energy evolved, and the resistances overcome.
*****
Energy signifies
capacity for work, and is the essential accompaniment of all
forms of activity. Therefore energy is essential to life,
and life cannot exist without energy
1903 -Lectures
on massage and electricity in the treatment of disease
By Thomas Stretch Dowse
(PDF)
With regard to
Massage, I am still of opinion that it is an
important physical aid in the treatment of diseased states.
This conviction has grown upon me by practice, by
experience, and by working out in detail its influences and
their results, upon aberrations of function and deranged
physiological processes. Its usefulness as a healthy tonic
cannot be denied
1904-
The Practice of massage By Arthur Symons
Eccles
(PDF)
In practising this and all other
manipulations included under the term '
massage,' the truly skilful
operator must have a good and sufficient reason for
everything he does ; as unless the local effects which
should follow the successful application of each
manipulation are produced, the benefit of general
massage cannot be obtained.
1909 -MASSAGE
IN EECENT FRACTURES SPRAINS AND THEIR
CONSEQUENCESRIGIDITY OF THE SPINE AND THE MANAGEMENT OF STIFF
JOINTS Lectures and Essays by Sir William Bennett
(PDF)
The advantages derivable from
shampooing and manipulations in sprains, wrenches, and
similar injuries have been recognised for centuries,
especially as shown in the rapid removal of extravasated
blood, the cure of oedema, the prevention of stiffness, and
the checking of muscle waste—the identical complications
which are prone to occur in fractures : a fracture being
nothing more than an exaggerated form of sprain, the bone,
in addition to the soft parts, having
been torn. It is presumed that no intelligent surgeon who
has had any practical experience would in these days
hesitate to use massage and
movements in a case of sprain or wrench, however severe, if
the bone were intact and the skin sound. The sole reason for
avoiding the application of these common-sense methods in
fractures seems to be the general belief that any plan of
treatment which would entail movement, however slight,
between the fragments, must be inimical to union and
therefore unsound, if not actually dangerous, in practice.
It is, however, quite certain that the very slight amount of
movement entailed by this method, if properly applied, not
only has no tendency to prevent union, but, on the contrary,
may sometimes tend to promote union by the increase of
callus so produced
1913 -
Massage - Its principles and technic
By Max Boehm (PDF)
In reply to the question, " Who shall do
massage, Doctor or Layman ?"
the medical world is by degrees taking a different
standpoint. The brusque statement "
Massage by the Doctors," by Hoffa, sounds
theoretically very plausible, but in the light of practice
gains another aspect. There certainly can be no question but
that a great part of massage
can be best carried out by the hands of the doctor. To this
class belong especially massage
administered for pathologic changes in the muscles,
tendons, joints, nerves, and internal organs, entirely apart
from massage of the female
generative organs, the eye, the larynx, etc., which
generally should be treated by a suitable specialist. (These
last-named forms of massage
have not been considered in this volume, belonging, in my
opinion, in text-books of special branches).
On the other hand, there is,
unquestionably, massage which
requires no medical knowledge whatever, but only the
essentials of an understanding of anatomy, together with
mechanical and manual skill. For instance, this is
especially true in general body
massage or usual massage
of the back, that is, massage
which is chiefly administered to relatively sound
parts of the body to strengthen them or to improve their
circulation. A skilled masseur equipped with a knowledge of
anatomy is fully equal to this task.
1918 -
Massage and the original Swedish movements: their
application to various ... By Kurre Wilhelm
Ostrom
(PDF)
The word
Massage is a derivation from
the Greek massein, or the French masser, which
both mean: to knead. A male operator is called a
masseur, a female operator, a masseuse.
Massage is a scientific
treatment, 'by certain passive systematic manipulations,
upon the nude skin of the human body.
1921-
Massage and therapeutic exercise By Mary
McMillan (PDF)
The word
"massage" is derived from the
Greek, and means to knead or press. It has come into modern
use through the French, as is shown by several of the
associated terms. It implies a scientific manipulation of
the body tissues. It is a means for creating energy when it
has become exhausted from any cause, and is a natural method
of restoring the part injured or even the body as a whole to
its normal condition
Hydrotherapy and
Massage edited by
Health Research Staff
The practice
of surgery By
James Gregory Mumford (PDF)
The practice of
massage was in bad odor for
long in this country because of the preposterous claims of
its many ignorant exponents and the frequent danger they
inflicted upon unsuitable cases. In the course of years all
that was changed: educated persons, many of them trained in
Sweden and France, took up the practice; the operators, both
men and women, came to see that their work was as assistants
to surgeons and not as their rivals, until to-day we find a
considerable number of such competent persons in every
community. Lately there has developed a curious outcome of
these conditions. A so-called "school" of medicine has grown
up. Its followers apply to themselves the meaningless term "
osteopathist s," and they essay on their own responsibility
various forms of massage.
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